Student…

• Uses language purposefully (e.g., to clarify, refuse)
  
• Produces complete sentences

• Tension between assimilation and acculturation
• Recovering from previous frustration and fatigue

• Use frequent comprehension checks.
  
• Design lessons focusing on concepts.
  
• Introduce expanded vocabulary.
• Use models/charts/
  maps/timelines.

Appropriate questions include…

• Open ended; why or how questions
  
• Specific questions
  
• How is that ____?
  
• Tell me about ___.

• Demonstrations
  
• Simple oral presentations
  
• Answering higher-level questions
  
• Hands-on activities
  
• Small group work
  
• Word sound symbol production
  
• Simple writing
  
• Computer lessons
  
• Play and role-playing
  
• Choral reading

Student…

• Can produce connected narrative
  
• Can use reading and writing incorporated into lesson
  
• Can write answers to higher level questions
  
• Can resolve conflicts verbally

• Cultural adjustment

• Validate students’ languages
  and cultures.

Appropriate questions include…

• What would you recommend or suggest?
  
• How do you think this story will end?
  
• What is the story about?
  
• What is your opinion on this?
  
• Describe/compare/
  contrast
  
• How are these same or different?
  
• What would happen if _____?
  
• Which do you prefer? Why?

• Content/subject explanations
  
• Paragraph writing
  
• Reading for information in content areas
  
• Summaries, outlines, book reports
  
• Explanations of new ideas/
  concepts
  
• Workbooks/
  worksheets, tests
  
• Lecture discussions
  
• Literary analysis of plot, character, setting
  
• Simple report writing